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The characteristics of inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty
Author: Du Yong Li Lingling
Source: “History Collection” Issue 2, 2021
Abstract:The thirty emperors and thirty generations have been born in the Shang Dynasty, and fourteen brothers and thrones have been born in the throne. Nine generations are brothers and brothers. Although the Yin royal family was divided into marriage, they were not complete and could not complete. They failed to further distinguish the future of inheriting the throne. Therefore, they could not form a patriarchal system with different sects. As the intermediary and bridge of his brother, Zi Yu was the son of his elder brother at the beginning. When he reached Xiao Yi, he turned into the son of Ji Di, and later Wu Yi became the son of tomorrow. Although the relationship between the son and the follower has changed, it was basically the same as the brother and the younger brother before Wu Yi, which shows the characteristics of the inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty. In the early Zhou Dynasty, he inherited the political inheritance of the late Shang Dynasty and established a more strict Continuation of the Tomorrow’s eldest son, and thus became one of the major political systems that have not been easy for generations.
Keywords:Shang Dynasty; Continuing Law; Brother and Brother; Zhou Festival
Fund Item:This article is one of the stage results of the National Social Science Fund’s serious project “Multi-volume History of the Western Zhou Dynasty” (17ZDA1789).
Author introduction: Du Yong, professor and doctoral supervisor of Tianjin Teachers and College of History and Civilization, the purpose of the seminar is pre-Qin history; Li Lingling, doctoral student of Tianjin Teachers and College of History and Civilization, and associate professor of Henan Academy of Social Sciences.
Regarding the inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty, Wang Guowei proposed in his famous article “The System of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties” [1], and he was widely recognized by the academic community. However, some scholars also hold different opinions, believing that the Shang Dynasty’s Continuation method was to use Ziyuan and younger brothers together, or Ziyuan was the main younger brothers and brothers as the main younger brothers and brothers, and Ziyuan had many other ways of establishing tomorrow, establishing a young man, establishing a strong man, and establishing a strong man, which has not been eliminated. Based on the new developments discussed in today’s oracle bone research, Wang said that there may be a place where he is not well-off, but his basic views are not inappropriate. This article briefly discusses related issues to help you explain the correct answer.
1. The main problems of the Shang Dynasty’s reign
The basic energy of inheriting the throne of the Shang Dynasty was preserved in the memory of Yin in the Zhou Dynasty. During his age, Duke Xuan of Song was seriously ill and decided to establish his younger brother. He said, “The father passed away and the son was reborn, and the brother passed away and the younger brother was reborn, which was a universal common deed.” [2] This 平台‘s statement is of course too far from the scheming, and the idea of establishing his younger brother is not helpful for us to understand the scheming of the Shang Dynasty.Wang Guowei, with his unique eyes and deep observation, developed what his descendants had never discovered, and proposed: “The Shang Dynasty’s system was to use his younger brothers as the main rule and to carry them with his sons. If there was no younger brother, then he would convey his sons. From the thirty emperors of Emperor Xin, there were fourteen emperors who used his younger brothers to support his brothers; those who used his sons to support his father were not the sons of his brothers, but were mostly the sons of his younger brothers. … The Shang Dynasty did not have the system of the future, so he could not have the same clan law.” [3] As Wang said, there were many outstanding views.
Regarding the main problem of Shang Dynasty’s reincarnation, Mr. Chen Mengzhai believed that “the son and brother are used together, and there is no distinction between main and cortex”, regardless of the characteristics of the merchant’s reincarnation of the “resolution to be the characteristics of the containing the characteristics of the continuation of the story”. [4] In fact, this kind of talk does not mean many years, because the brothers will eventually have a day of tradition, and if they don’t pass on their children, they will not think that they will continue. The monk is the intermediary and bridge of the younger generation, and it is necessary to use both. As for saying that the son continues to be the main, the younger brother and the older brother, [5] or the son continues to be the constant, the younger brother and the younger brother, [6] or the younger brother, [7] or the younger brother, [8] or the younger brother, [9] also lacks roots.
To understand the characteristics of the inheritance of the throne in the Shang Dynasty, we need to first examine the throne after Shang Tang. According to the “Historical Records: Yin Benju”, the Shang Dynasty has been from Tang to Thirty Kings. According to whether he can have a son to inherit the throne, he can also be divided into two categories: direct and side kings. The direct king is the focus and main axle of the Shang king’s time. After his death, he paid homage to the previous king Long Chong, and enjoyed a special place in the ancestral temple. Bu Yuanyan confessed that in addition to the order of the merchant’s first report of B, C and Ding, the order of the ascension of the throne of the merchant was misplaced, there were two results worth noting: one is that although Zhong Ding’s father was a direct king, he was not Yong Ji’s younger brother, but Yong Ji’s second brother and Xiao Jia’s second brother; the other is that Zu Yi was the son of Zhong Ding, not He Dan Jia’s son. Hedanjia (阿子) is the previous king in the side, and the Ding is the previous king in the middle. This has the main academic meaning for correcting the mistakes of “Yin Benzhi” and reconstructing the correct Shang Wang Shici.
The situation of the previous kings is quite complicated, and the Wen Xun is seriously grateful to the beauty of the sky, wins in the selection competition, and has two important issues in singing and disagreement: one is that Zhongren, Woding, and Li Xin do not see the Zhou Dynasty’s sacrificial and Bu Zi, can they be no one, or they have not ascended the throne, or they have become kings, or they have become different laws and regulations; the other is that the order of the Zhou Dynasty’s sacrificial and the Zhou Dynasty is after the Big A, can he continue to be after the Big A? Oracle Bone Bud has discovered more than 100,000 pieces, which seem to be large in quantity, but there are still some detailed problems, but the data is still lacking, so it is easy to say but difficult to say. However, there are some problems in the study of Zhou sacrificial system in the Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty. We do not understand very well, so we should also be cautious when examining history.
Everyone believes that “the order of the tribute of the previous kings in Zhou Dynasty was set based on the order of their ascension, that is, the quotation first was first commemorated as the king, and then the quotation was once commemorated as the king and then commemorated as the king. This is the principle of the quotation of the Zhou Dynasty.” [10] “Zuo Yue” in the second year of Duke Wen (625 BC) mentioned ancient gifts: “Although the son is sage, he will not eat before his father.” [11] means that it is just likeEven if the Son is wise and wise, he will not be able to enjoy the sacrifice before his father. This is to ask the preface of the Zhou Dynasty to not only correspond to the day stem of the Shang King’s Imperial Palace, but also to truly reflect the order of the Shang King’s ascension. It should be said that the Zhou sacrificial tribute basics have done this, but for some special circumstances, the sacrificial order and the order of ascension are not completely consistent, so the phenomenon of “reverse sacrifice” is occasionally seen. [12] Teacher Wang Yuzhe once pointed out: “The preface of sacrifice is not consistent with the order of ascension. Later generations of sons worship their ancestors and were able to sometimes place their ancestors before the sidelines. Therefore, we cannot change the order of ascension with the preface of the sacrifice.” [13] This is extremely impressive and deserves our high attention. The reason for this is that the ancient kings’ sacred stems and branches had long been determined, and the Zhou sacred system began when the ancestor Jia was completed in Yi and Xin, and was designed by later generations. In fact, it is difficult to make the order of Zhou sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sacrificial sa
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